Legal Status of Cryptocurrencies in Nigeria: What’s Allowed, What’s Not in 2025

Home Legal Status of Cryptocurrencies in Nigeria: What’s Allowed, What’s Not in 2025

Legal Status of Cryptocurrencies in Nigeria: What’s Allowed, What’s Not in 2025

25 Oct 2025

Nigeria Crypto Tax Calculator 2025

Calculate Your Crypto Tax Liability

Under Nigeria's new Investments and Securities Act (ISA) 2025 and Nigeria Tax Administration Act (NTAA) 2025, crypto gains are taxable. This calculator estimates your tax based on current regulations.

Your Estimated Tax Liability

Gross Gain
Tax Rate
Tax Amount
Net Proceeds

Important Notes:

- Tax implementation begins in 2026 under NTAA 2025

- Short-term gains taxed at 20%, long-term gains at 10%

- VASPs must collect and report your transaction data

Back in 2021, if you traded Bitcoin in Nigeria, your bank could shut down your account. By 2023, they started letting you open accounts again-if you were licensed. And now, in 2025, Nigeria has its first full-blown law that actually recognizes cryptocurrencies as securities. It’s not about banning anymore. It’s about controlling, taxing, and bringing crypto into the formal economy.

Bitcoin and crypto aren’t illegal in Nigeria-just not legal tender

You can still buy, sell, and hold Bitcoin, Ethereum, or any other crypto in Nigeria. No one’s going to jail for owning it. But you can’t use it to pay your electricity bill, buy fuel at the pump, or settle a salary. The Nigerian naira is the only official currency. Crypto is treated like stocks or bonds-not money.

This distinction matters. It means crypto isn’t banned, but it’s also not protected like cash. If you send someone 1 BTC and they disappear, you have no legal recourse under currency laws. But if that same BTC was sold as an investment product and turned out to be a scam, you now have real protection under the new law.

The Investments and Securities Act (ISA 2025) changed everything

On March 25, 2025, President Tinubu signed the Investments and Securities Act 2025 into law. This 226-page document didn’t tweak rules-it rebuilt them. For the first time, Nigeria defined what a crypto asset is: "a digital representation of value that can be transferred, digitally traded and used for payment or investment purposes."

Crucially, it excluded digital versions of the naira or other fiat currencies. So, if you’re using a CBDC (Central Bank Digital Currency) in the future, it won’t fall under this law. But if you’re trading Solana, Dogecoin, or even an NFT marketed as an investment, you’re now under SEC supervision.

The law made the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Nigeria’s main crypto cop. They now have the power to:

  • Approve or deny licenses for crypto exchanges
  • Suspend or shut down platforms breaking the rules
  • Remove executives from their jobs for fraud
  • Access telecom records to track suspicious activity
  • Impose fines and freeze assets
Quidax and Busha were among the first to get approval. But the licensing process is slow. Many smaller platforms are stuck waiting because the SEC is doing deep background checks-not just on the company, but on their owners, tech infrastructure, and AML systems.

Not all crypto is treated the same

The law draws a sharp line between financial crypto and artistic crypto. If you mint an NFT of a digital painting and sell it as art? No problem. No SEC involvement.

But if you sell an NFT and say, "Buy this and get 10% monthly returns," or "This NFT represents shares in a startup," now you’re selling a security. That’s illegal unless you’re registered with the SEC. This stops countless Ponzi schemes that used NFTs as bait.

The same applies to forex trading apps and crypto lending platforms. If they promise fixed returns, they’re now considered investment products. And that means they need SEC approval-or they’re operating illegally.

Who’s watching? It’s not just the SEC

Nigeria didn’t just give one agency power. They built a team.

  • SEC: Handles licensing, investor protection, and market integrity.
  • CBN: Still controls banking rules. Banks can’t process crypto payments unless the platform is licensed. They also monitor for money laundering.
  • EFCC: The economic crimes unit. They investigate fraud, scams, and large-scale theft.
  • NFIU: The Financial Intelligence Unit. They track suspicious transactions across all platforms and report to global watchdogs.
This multi-agency approach is new. Before 2025, if you got scammed on a crypto platform, you didn’t know who to call. Now, there’s a clear chain of command.

Multi-agency team in Nigeria regulating crypto: SEC, CBN, EFCC, and NFIU working together.

Crypto taxes are now real-and expensive to ignore

In June 2025, Nigeria passed the Nigeria Tax Administration Act (NTAA) 2025. It takes effect in 2026, but the message is clear: crypto income is taxable.

Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs)-that’s exchanges, wallets, and trading platforms-must now:

  • Collect and report user transaction data
  • Withhold taxes on trading profits
  • Submit monthly reports to the tax authority
If they don’t? The penalties hit hard:

  • ₦10 million ($6,693) for the first month of non-compliance
  • ₦1 million ($669) for every additional month
  • License suspension or revocation
The numbers show why this matters. Between July 2024 and June 2025, Nigeria received an estimated $92.1 billion in crypto value. That’s nearly double what South Africa received. The government knows crypto isn’t going away. They’re just trying to get their cut.

Why did Nigeria change its mind?

In 2021, the Central Bank banned banks from dealing with crypto. The goal? Stop money laundering and protect the naira. But it backfired.

Nigerians didn’t stop using crypto. They just moved to peer-to-peer trading. Local platforms like Paxful and Binance P2P exploded. Nigeria became the #1 country in the world for P2P crypto volume. People used crypto to send remittances, save money, and hedge against inflation.

The CBN realized they couldn’t stop adoption-they could only control it. By 2023, they allowed licensed VASPs to open bank accounts. Then came the regulatory sandbox in 2024. And now, the full law.

This wasn’t a surrender. It was strategy. Recognize the market. Regulate it. Tax it. Protect users. Stop the chaos.

What does this mean for regular users?

If you’re just buying and holding Bitcoin for the long term? You’re fine. No one’s auditing your wallet.

But if you’re trading frequently, running a crypto business, or offering investment products:

  • Register with the SEC if you’re a platform
  • Keep records of all trades
  • Understand that profits are taxable
  • Avoid platforms that promise guaranteed returns
The law doesn’t target you. It targets the bad actors. Legitimate users benefit from clearer rules and safer platforms.

Nigerian family preparing for crypto taxes, child drawing NFT, licensed exchange visible in background.

What’s still unclear?

The law is a big step, but it’s not perfect.

  • How exactly will personal crypto gains be taxed? The NTAA 2025 doesn’t specify rates for individuals yet.
  • Will decentralized exchanges (DEXs) like Uniswap be required to register? The law focuses on centralized platforms.
  • What happens if you use a foreign exchange? Are you personally liable for taxes?
These questions will be answered over the next 12-18 months as regulators issue guidelines and court cases set precedents.

The bigger picture: Nigeria as a model for Africa

Africa has 1.4 billion people. Most countries still treat crypto like a gray zone-either ignored or banned. Nigeria’s move shows it’s possible to embrace innovation without losing control.

Other African nations are watching closely. Ghana, Kenya, and South Africa are already drafting similar laws. Nigeria’s framework-combining licensing, taxation, and multi-agency oversight-could become the blueprint.

It’s not about stopping crypto. It’s about making sure it works for the economy, not against it.

What should you do now?

If you’re in Nigeria:

  • Use only SEC-licensed exchanges (Quidax, Busha, and others as they’re approved)
  • Keep records of all buys, sells, and transfers
  • Don’t trust platforms promising "guaranteed profits"
  • Start preparing for 2026 tax reporting-track your crypto income like you would salary
If you’re outside Nigeria but trading with Nigerians? Make sure your platform is SEC-registered. Otherwise, you’re exposing your users-and yourself-to legal risk.

The era of crypto chaos in Nigeria is over. The era of regulated crypto has begun.

Is cryptocurrency legal in Nigeria in 2025?

Yes, cryptocurrency is legal in Nigeria as of 2025, but it is not legal tender. The Investments and Securities Act (ISA 2025) recognizes crypto assets as securities, making them regulated under capital market laws. You can buy, sell, and hold crypto, but you cannot use it to pay for goods and services in place of the Nigerian naira.

Can I use crypto to pay bills or salaries in Nigeria?

No. The Nigerian naira is the only legal tender for official payments. While peer-to-peer crypto transactions are allowed, businesses and government agencies cannot accept crypto as payment for taxes, utilities, or salaries. Any service claiming to accept crypto as legal tender is operating outside the law.

Which agency regulates cryptocurrency in Nigeria?

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is the primary regulator for cryptocurrency in Nigeria under the ISA 2025. It oversees all crypto exchanges, investment platforms, and token sales. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), and Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit (NFIU) also play supporting roles in banking compliance, fraud investigations, and anti-money laundering efforts.

Are crypto taxes enforced in Nigeria?

Yes. The Nigeria Tax Administration Act (NTAA) 2025, effective from 2026, requires Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) to collect and report user transaction data and withhold taxes on crypto gains. Individuals who trade crypto are also expected to declare profits as income. Non-compliant platforms face penalties of up to ₦10 million ($6,693) per month, plus license suspension.

What happens if I use an unlicensed crypto exchange in Nigeria?

Using an unlicensed exchange is risky but not automatically illegal for individual users. However, the platform itself can be shut down, frozen, or prosecuted. If you lose funds on an unlicensed platform, you have no legal recourse. Only SEC-licensed exchanges like Quidax and Busha offer consumer protections and compliance with AML rules.

Are NFTs legal in Nigeria?

Yes, but only if they’re not sold as investment products. Artistic NFTs-like digital art or collectibles-are not regulated. However, if an NFT is marketed as a security, offering profit-sharing, dividends, or ownership rights in a company, it falls under SEC regulation and must be registered. Selling unregistered investment NFTs is illegal.

Will the Nigerian government ban crypto in the future?

It’s highly unlikely. Nigeria’s new laws show the government has accepted crypto as a major economic force. With $92.1 billion in crypto inflows in 2024-2025, banning it would hurt millions of users and damage the fintech sector. The focus is now on regulation, taxation, and consumer protection-not prohibition.

Comments
Sonu Singh
Sonu Singh
Oct 25 2025

bro this is huge for us in India too - we’ve been stuck in this gray zone for years. nigeria’s move is like a roadmap. finally someone got it right: don’t ban, regulate. the sec having power over exchanges? yes please. i’ve lost money on unlicensed platforms before. no recourse, no nothing. this law actually protects people, not just the state.

Ashley Cecil
Ashley Cecil
Oct 25 2025

It is imperative to note, with the utmost clarity, that the regulatory framework established under the Investments and Securities Act 2025 constitutes a paradigmatic shift in sovereign digital asset governance. The conflation of crypto-assets with securities, rather than currency, is not merely a semantic refinement-it is a foundational legal distinction that upholds monetary sovereignty while permitting innovation under fiduciary oversight.

Nick Carey
Nick Carey
Oct 25 2025

so… we’re just gonna tax the hell out of crypto now? cool. guess i’ll just keep using binance p2p and pretend i didn’t make 50k last year. 😅

Prabhleen Bhatti
Prabhleen Bhatti
Oct 25 2025

Wow-this is *exactly* the kind of structured, multi-agency, taxonomy-driven approach Africa needs! The SEC as the primary regulator, CBN managing banking rails, EFCC chasing fraudsters, NFIU feeding into global AML networks? Brilliant. And the NFT distinction? Genius. Artistic NFTs = free. Investment NFTs = regulated. That’s not just smart-it’s elegant. Nigeria’s not just catching up; they’re setting the standard for emerging markets. 🙌

Peter Schwalm
Peter Schwalm
Oct 25 2025

This is actually one of the most balanced crypto regulations I’ve seen anywhere. Most countries either ban it or ignore it. Nigeria didn’t panic. They watched, saw how people used crypto to survive inflation and send remittances, then built a system that protects users without crushing adoption. Kudos. The tax rules still need work, but the framework? Solid.

Elizabeth Mitchell
Elizabeth Mitchell
Oct 25 2025

interesting how they didn’t try to stop it-they just made it safer. i used to be scared to trade here, but now i feel like there’s actually a path forward. hope other countries take notes.

Richard Williams
Richard Williams
Oct 25 2025

Man, this is the kind of policy that makes me proud of how far Nigeria’s come. They didn’t fight the future-they got ahead of it. And the fact that they’re taxing crypto like income? That’s not greed. That’s responsibility. People need to know: if you profit, you pay. Simple.

Joseph Eckelkamp
Joseph Eckelkamp
Oct 26 2025

Oh wow. So now the SEC is the crypto police? And you think that’s progress? 😏 Let me guess-next they’ll be forcing exchanges to install CCTV in their server rooms. Meanwhile, DeFi is thriving globally, and Nigeria’s just busy making paperwork mandatory for people who just want to buy Bitcoin. Congrats-you turned a revolution into an IRS audit.

Dimitri Breiner
Dimitri Breiner
Oct 26 2025

Stop acting like this is some grand achievement. It’s just capitalism with extra steps. They didn’t ‘embrace’ crypto-they saw a trillion-dollar flow and said, ‘How do we tax it?’ The real win? Nigerians kept using crypto despite the ban. That’s the power of real demand. The government just finally caught up. Now let’s see if they can actually enforce it without corruption.

LeAnn Dolly-Powell
LeAnn Dolly-Powell
Oct 26 2025

YESSSS this is what I’ve been waiting for!! 🙌 Finally someone gets it-crypto isn’t the enemy, chaos is. Licensed platforms? Tax clarity? Multi-agency teamwork? I’m so proud of Nigeria!! This is the future, not just for Africa, but for the whole world. Keep going!! 💪🔥

Anastasia Alamanou
Anastasia Alamanou
Oct 26 2025

The taxonomy here is sophisticated: separating art from securities, CBDCs from crypto, platforms from users. This isn’t reactive regulation-it’s anticipatory governance. And the inclusion of NFIU and EFCC? That’s not just compliance-it’s systemic resilience. Nigeria’s building a digital financial ecosystem, not just a rulebook.

Rohit Sreenath
Rohit Sreenath
Oct 26 2025

Regulation is just control with a nice name. The rich get licenses. The poor get punished. Crypto was freedom. Now it’s paperwork. You think the SEC cares about you? They care about their budget. This law was written by bankers, not believers.

Sam Kessler
Sam Kessler
Oct 26 2025

Let me guess-this is all a CIA-backed plan to track every crypto transaction under the guise of ‘investor protection.’ The SEC has access to telecom records? That’s not regulation-that’s surveillance. And the tax laws? A trap. They want your data, your money, and your autonomy. Wake up. This isn’t progress. It’s the beginning of the end.

Patrick Rocillo
Patrick Rocillo
Oct 27 2025

finally!! i’ve been hodling since 2021 and felt like a criminal. now i can actually tell my mom i’m not ‘doing something sketchy’-i’m investing in a regulated asset. also, the fact that they’re taxing gains? i’ll pay it. better than getting scammed by some shady P2P guy who ghosts after you send 2 BTC 😅

Aniket Sable
Aniket Sable
Oct 27 2025

good stuff man. i dont know all the legal terms but i know this: if i buy bitcoin and sell it later, i shouldnt be scared to talk about it. now i can. thanks nigeria for showing the way.

Santosh harnaval
Santosh harnaval
Oct 27 2025

Finally. Nigeria got it right. No drama. Just rules. Good for them.

Claymore girl Claymoreanime
Claymore girl Claymoreanime
Oct 27 2025

Oh, so now the SEC gets to spy on your wallet? And you think that’s ‘protection’? What’s next? Mandatory KYC on your phone’s crypto app? This isn’t regulation-it’s the slow death of privacy. And don’t even get me started on how they’ll enforce this on decentralized exchanges. This law is a paper tiger with a very loud roar.

Petrina Baldwin
Petrina Baldwin
Oct 27 2025

So… I can’t use crypto to pay my rent? But I can buy it? That’s weird.

Ralph Nicolay
Ralph Nicolay
Oct 27 2025

While the regulatory architecture presented herein is commendable for its structural coherence, one must critically examine the potential for regulatory capture by vested financial interests. The delegation of enforcement authority to the SEC, CBN, EFCC, and NFIU creates a non-transparent, multi-layered bureaucracy that may, in practice, inhibit innovation under the guise of compliance.

sundar M
sundar M
Oct 28 2025

Bro, this is the moment Nigeria became a tech leader. I’ve seen so many African countries panic over crypto-Nigeria said, ‘Let’s build something better.’ And now the whole continent is watching. This isn’t just a law-it’s a legacy. I’m so proud!! 🇳🇬🔥

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